Multi-hop RFID Wake-up Radio: Design,
Evaluation and Energy Tradeoffs
Raja Jurdak, Antonio G. Ruzzelli and Gregory
M.P. O`Hare.
Abstract
Energy efficiency is a central
challenge in battery-operated sensor networks. Current energy-efficient mechanisms
employ either duty cycling, which reduces idle listening but does not eliminate
it, or low power wake-up radio, which adds complexity and cost to the sensor
platform. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism called RFIDImpulse that uses RFID technology as an out-of-band
wake-up channel for sensor networks. RFIDImpulse is
an on-demand mechanism that enables nodes to sleep until they have to send or
receive packets. It relies on IEEE 802.15.4 radio to emulate an RFID reader at
a sender node, and on an off-the-shelf RFID tag attached to the external
interrupt pin of each sensor node. The sender can simply activate the
receiver's tag before sending it data packets. This setup enables both radio
and microcontroller to go into deep sleep mode until they need to be active. We
develop an analytical model to evaluate the energy tradeoffs of RFIDImpulse, and then evaluate the mechanism against BMAC
and IEEE 802.15.4 in high and low traffic scenarios. The results confirm that RFIDImpulse reduces the energy consumption relative to both
protocols for low and medium trafficscenarios, and
they reveal the thresholds for adaptive activation of RFIDImpulse
based on traffic load.
In Proceedings of the 17TH International Conference on Computer Communications AND Networks (ICCCN). St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, August, 2008. (acceptance rate: 26%. Pdf Bibtex